Manganese is a gray-white, hard, and brittle metal that plays a crucial role in modern industry and biological systems alike. Represented by the symbol Mn and atomic number 25, it is the twelfth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Though not found naturally as a pure metal, manganese occurs in minerals such as pyrolusite (MnO₂) and rhodochrosite (MnCO₃). Its...
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